It is noteworthy that, within the global maize research community, there has been an absence of a comprehensive, China-focused multidimensional dataset delivering unique insights into maize production and breeding trends—particularly those reflecting China's advancements in recent decades—through exclusive channels . To address this gap, this study, under the authorization of China’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, established the world’s largest DNA fingerprint database for maize: National DNA-Fingerprint Database for Maize (NDDM). This resource comprises over 250,000 maize variety accessions, has been consistently updated since 2010, and utilizes a unified system of SSR and SNP markers, ensuring data accuracy, stability, and comparability. As the first nationally database of its kind, it offers authoritative support for variety rights protection, market supervision, and breeding innovation. It represents a transition from “marker development” to “database engineering,” effectively addressing prior issues of resource fragmentation and data silos via systematic integration and sustained maintenance. Moreover, it provides the global research community with a unique and valuable resource for understanding the historical and genetic progress of maize breeding in China, thereby supporting global maize improvement and climate adaptation research.